Development of a Multi-parameter Pulmonary Function Test System / 中国医疗器械杂志

To comprehensively evaluate the human body's respiratory, circular metabolism and other functions, and to diagnose lung disease, an accurate and reliable pulmonary function test (PFT) is developed. The system is divided into two parts:hardware and software. It realizes the collection of respiratory, pulse oxygen, carbon dioxide, oxygen and other signals, and draws flow-volume curve (FV curve), volume-time curve (VT curve), respiratory waveform, pulse wave, carbon dioxide and oxygen waveform in real time on the upper computer of the PFT system, and conducts signal processing and parameter calculation for each signal. The experimental results prove that the system is safe and reliable, it can accurately measure the basic functions of human body, and provide reliable parameters, and has good application prospects.

Effectiveness of arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with double-row elastic fixation for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with massive glenoid bone defect / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effectiveness of arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with double-row elastic fixation in treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation combined with massive glenoid bone defects.@*METHODS@#Between January 2018 and December 2021, 16 male patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation combined with massive glenoid bone defects were treated with arthroscopic autogenous iliac bone grafting and double-row elastic fixation. The patients were 14-29 years old at the time of the first dislocation, with an average age of 18.4 years. The causes of the first dislocation included falling injury in 5 cases and sports injury in 11 cases. The shoulders dislocated 4-15 times, with an average of 8.3 times. The patients were 17-37 years old at the time of admission, with an average age of 25.1 years. There were 5 left shoulders and 11 right shoulders. The preoperative instability severity index (ISIS) score of the shoulder joint was 5.8±2.1, and the Beighton score was 4.3±2.6. The University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Rowe score were used to evaluate shoulder function, and the degree of the glenoid bone defect repair was observed based on CT after operation.@*RESULTS@#All incisions healed by first intention, and no complication such as incision infection or neurovascular injury occurred. The patients were followed up 12 months. At 12 months after operation, UCLA score, Constant score, ASES score, and Rowe score all significantly improved when compared with the scores before operation ( P<0.05). CT imaging showed the degree of glenoid bone defect was significantly smaller at immediate, 6 and 12 months after operation when compared with that before operation ( P<0.05), and the bone blocks healed with the scapula, and bone fusion had occurred at 12 months.@*CONCLUSION@#Arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with double-row elastic fixation is a safe treatment for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation combined with massive glenoid bone defects, with good short-term effectiveness.

Design of Multi-parameter Monitoring System Based on Embedded Linux+Qt / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish the system software of multi-parameter monitoring by embedded Linux kernel and Qt library.@*METHODS@#To determine the hardware system needed for the development of the system, carry out system Bootloader (Bootloader), Linux kernel, file system and Qt/Embedded (QtE) tailoring and transplantation and application development on the basis of the hardware system, and achieve the characteristic UI design.@*RESULTS@#The changes of physiological parameters were observed in real time to improve the stability and real-time performance of the whole system and increase users' experience with QtE.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The embedded Linux+Qt multi-reference monitoring system can improve the stability, operability and functionality of real-time monitoring and multi-physiological information, and has good extensibility and maintainability.

Design of Treatment System for Poor Peripheral Circulation Using Air Wave Pressure Based on STM32 Microprocessor / 中国医疗器械杂志

This study designs an intermittent pneumatic pressurization device with STM32 series single chip as the core. The working state of the air pump and the plurality of air chambers is controlled by the IO port of the single chip microcomputer, and the circulating inflation of the plurality of air bags is realized. The pressure monitoring system consists of a silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor, a high-precision operational amplifier and a 12-bit AD converter which monitors the gas pressure of each gas path in real time to ensure the safety of the equipment. The system is easy to operate, simple in function, and has strong practicability.

Design of Low Power Multi-parameter Monitoring System Based on Bluetooth / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper designs a bluetooth-based low-power multi-parameter monitoring system. The system is mainly composed of ECG signal acquisition, respiratory signal acquisition, body temperature acquisition, bluetooth 4.0 transmission module and Android mobile phone APP display. The system collects the corresponding physiological signals through various collection parts, and can realize the monitoring of three physiological signals of electrocardiogram, respiration and body temperature. The Android mobile APP can display ECG, respiratory waveform and temperature data in real time. The system is small in size and low in power consumption, and has a good application prospect in portable and wearable medical applications.

Design of Cardiac Pacemaker Based on Low Power MCU / 中国医疗器械杂志

In order to improve the accuracy of the pacemaker's parameter adjustment and to avoid the surgical replacement of the pacemaker when the battery is exhausted, this paper designs a novel single-chamber pacemaker circuit based on low-power single-chip microcomputer. The circuit uses digital control to accurately control the amplitude, pulse width and frequency of the pacing pulse. The circuit is also designed with wireless charging function, and wireless communication with the programmer can wirelessly charge the pacemaker and know the charging information in real time. Wireless charging function can reduce the number of times the patient replaces the pacemaker or even completely avoid it.

MTHFR C677T polymorphism contributes to unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C ＞ T and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL).Methods All patients were recruited from the outpatient department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology & Genetics of Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2013 to May 2014.A case-control study was performed.According to the stochastic indicator method,there were 125 subjects with a history of ≥2 times URPL as the case group,and 905 healthy parous women with no history of URPL as the control group.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the distributions of the polymorphisms of MTHFR 677C ＞ T,and the results were validated using oligo-chip and direct sequencing.Results The allele and genotype frequencies of MTHFR were 60.0％ for C,40.0％ for T,32.0％ for CC,56.0％ for CT,and 12.0％ for TT in the case group and 67.4％ for C,32.6％ for T,41.4％ for CC,52.0％ for CT,and 6.6％ for TT in the control group,respectively.The prevalence of allele T was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (OR =1.379,95％ CI =1.051-1.808,P =0.020),the frequency of genotype TT was also significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (OR =2.344,95％ CI =1.220-4.503,P =0.009).Conclusion The fertile women with MTHFR 677T allele and 677TT genotype may be susceptibility to URPL in a Chinese Han population from the Hangzhou area.

Clinical implications of rearrangements during transfection of papillary thyroid cancer (RET/PTC) 1,3 detected with FQ-PCR in fine-needle aspiration specimen of thyroid nodules / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of rearrangements during transfection of papillary thyroid cancer (RET/PTC) 1,3 in fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimen from regional thyroid nodules by FQ-PCR.Methods Two hundred and eighty-five FNA samples were collected from patients with thyroid nodules during January 2012 to January 2013.RET/PTC1,3 rearrangements were detected with FQ-PCR.Results The frequencies of the RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 rearrangements in 285 FNA samples were 17.2％ (49/285) and 1.4％ (4/285),respectively.During 21.7 months of follow-up,19 (40.4％,19/47) RET/PTC1 positive patients were confirmed to have papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) after operation.In the patients with RET/PTC1 rearrangement PTC was found in Thy5 and Thy4 groups.In Thy 2 group,22.6％ cases with RET/PTC1 rearrangements developed PTC as compared with 3.2％ cases without it(x2 =6.667,P＜0.01).In addition,8.5％ (4/47) RET/PTC1 rearrangements emerged in benign lesions.Conclusions It is convenient and reliable to detect RET/PTC1,3 rearrangements by FQ-PCR using FNA samples.RET/PTC1 rearrangement frequently occurs in PTC,however it would be detected in benign lesions occasionally.

The relation between clinical prognosis and blood pressure after acute inferior myocardial infarction / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in short-term prognosis of acute inferior myocardial infarction patients .Methods A total of 80 patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction received 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring after enrolled .According to the results of 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monito-ring ,eligible patients were divided into dipper model group(n=29) and non-dipper model group(n=51) .Clinical information was collected and all patients were followed-up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) .Results The rate of intravenous thrombolysis in dipper model group was significantly higher than that in non-dipper model group(t=4 .120 ,P=0 .021) .Night mean systolic blood pressure and night mean diastolic blood pressure were all significantly lower in dipper model group than in non-dipper model group(t=2 .032 ,P=0 .040 ;t=3 .175 ,P=0 .002) .The rate of cumulative MACE in non-dipper model group was significant-ly higher than that in dipper model group(t=2 .626 ,P=0 .041) .Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ,daytime mean systolic blood pressure(<90 mm Hg) was independent risk factor of MACE(P=0 .018 ,OR=1 .298) ,dipper model blood pressure (P=0 .019 ,OR=0 .769) and intravenous thrombolysis(P=0 .007 ,OR=0 .520) were protective factors for MACE .Conclusion Parameters of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring are closely correlated with prognosis of acute inferior myocardial infarction pa-tients ,and the change of blood pressure model is an important factor for short-term prognosis .

Epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae, Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in children with acute upper respiratory tract infections in Hangzhou / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP),Epstein-Barr virus (EB virus) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in children with acute upper respiratory tract infections in Hangzhou.Methods Throat swabs and sputum samples were collected from 5942 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections in Hangzhou First People's Hospital during January 2011 and December 2012.MP,EB virus and CMV were detected using quantitative PCR.The distribution and seasonal changes of the above pathogens in children of different ages were analyzed using Chi-square tests.Results MP,EB virus and CMV were positive in 29.91％ (1777/5942),22.92％ (1362/5942) and 8.55％ (508/5942) children,respectively.Mixed infections were found in 556 (9.36％) children.The positive rates of MP varied among different age groups (x2 =113,P =0.000),and the highest one was detected in children ＞ 6-year old (448/1012,44.36％).EB virus infection was rare in age group 0-1 year,and the positive rate was of statistical difference from those in other age groups (x2 =167,181 and 187,P =0.000).The highest positive rate of CMV (23.78％) was found in children aged 0-1 year old.The positive rates of MP varied in different months of the year (x2 =208 and 211,P =0.000),and the highest positive rate was found in July and August.Conclusion The predominant pathogen of acute upper respiratory tract infection in children is MP in Hangzhou,and MP plus EB virus infection is common,particularly in older children;while CMV infection more likely occures in 0-1 year old babies,and usually in summer.

Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes and their correlations with liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in patients with chronic HBV infections and the correlations of genotypes with liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Serological,virological and pathological data of 190 patients with chronic HBV infections admitted to Hangzhou First People's Hospital during June 2007 and June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The series included 62 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB),60 cases of liver cirrhosis and 68 cases of HCC.HBV was genotyped by multiplex PCR,and subgenotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).SPSS 11.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results Among 190 patients,61 were HBV genotype B (32.1％),126 were genotype C (66.3％),and 3 were B + C hybrid.HBV B2 (61/61,100.0％) and C2 (123/126,97.6％) were the major subgenotypes.HBV genotype B was more prevalent in CHB patients (46.8％,29/62) than in liver cirrhosis (20.0％,12/60) and in HCC patients (29.4％,20/68) (x2 =8.73 and 4.16,P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),whereas the prevalence of genotype C was higher in liver cirrhosis and HCC than that in CHB (x2 =9.54 and 4.17,P ＜0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Patients with genotype C2 had higher serum hyaluronic acid level than with genotype B2 in 3 groups (t =2.685,2.433 and 2.015,P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).CHB patients with C2 infections had higher liver fibrosis grade than those with B2 (x2 =6.726,P =0.010),while there was no statistical difference in liver inflammation grade (x2 =0.601,P ＞ 0.05).HCC patients with B2 infection tended to have larger tumor diameter (≥5 cm) (x2 =7.231,P ＜ 0.01) and those with C2 infection were prone to be more serious cirrhosis (x2 =4.910,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HBV genotypes C2 and B2 are predominant in patients with chronic HBV infections in Hangzhou.HCC patients infected with HBV C2 may be complicated with more severe liver fibrosis,and those with HBV B2 infections may tend to have larger liver tumor.

HBV subgenotype C2 infection, A1762T/G1764A mutations may contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis in southeast China

To glean insights into the relationship among hepatitis B virus [HBV] genotype/subgenotypes, A1762T/G1764A mutations and advanced liver disease such as liver cirrhosis [LC] and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] in Southeast China. Methods: A case-control study was performed, consisting of chronic hepatitis B [CHB] patients [n=160], LC patients [n=150], and HCC patients [n=156]. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction [FQ-PCR] was used to detect A1762T/G1764A mutations. HBV genotypes/subgenotypes were determined by multiplex PCR. All patients' clinical data was systematically collected from the hospital records. Results: Our study revealed HBV genotypes C [63.95%] and B [33.69%] were predominant in chronically infected patients, subgenotype B2, C2 and C1 were the major subgenotypes. Both subgenotype C2 infection and A1762T/G1764A mutations were associated with LC and HCC with cirrhosis, subgenotype C2 [OR=2.033, 95%CI=1.246-3.323, P=0.003 for LC vs CHB; OR=3.247, 95%CI=1.742-6.096, P=0.001 for HCC with cirrhosis vs CHB; respectively], and A1762T/G1764A mutations [OR=1.914, 95%CI=1.188-3.085, P=0.005 for LC vs CHB; OR=2.996, 95%CI=1.683-5.353, P=0.002 for HCC with cirrhosis vs CHB; respectively], but no differences in the frequencies of both variants between LC and HCC with cirrhosis groups were found. Conclusions: HBV subgenotype C2 infection and A1762T/G1764A mutations are both risk factors of LC and HCC with cirrhosis development in the patients with CHB in Southeast China, but all no helpful for predicting HCC development in LC patients

Instruction of clinical testing method for medical devices / 中国医疗器械杂志

The article introduces the clinical testing method for the product of patient monitor, the definition of direct measurement and indirect measurement method, and the different testing methods. The clinical testing methods for none invasive blood pressure, pulse oxygen saturation and ECG analysis have significant value, which are important solutions to test the safety and effectiveness of medical devices by using the equivalent analysis method. These methods above are also provided as reference for other medical devices' clinical testing.

Molecular Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate macrolide resistance and main molecular mechanisms in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. METHODS Thirty two throat swabs from children infected with M. pneumoniae were cultured by modified Hayflick medium. Antibiotic susceptibility test was used to screen the macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae. The 23S rRNA gene sequences of the strains were determined with polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. RESULTS Nineteen strains were isolated from 32 throat swabs successfully.Fifteen strains were resistant to macrolide antibiotics according to the results of antibiotic susceptibility test. Once the strain was resistant to one of macrolide antibiotics,it would be resistant to the others. Sequencing results of the sensitive strains and the standard strain FH were completely same. Fifteen resistant strains presented A2063G point mutation in 23 SrRNA region Ⅴ, in which 2 examples showed the coexistence of the sensitive strain and the resistant strain. CONCLUSIONS Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae is common and serious at present. The antibiotic resistant isolate carries point mutations of the 23S rRNA region Ⅴ.

Development of a Gene Chip for the Detection of Common Pathogens Causing Urogenital Sexually Transmitted Infections / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To develop a gene chip for the detection of common pathogens causing urogenital sexually transmitted infections. Methods The target pathogens were divided into three groups: viruses, bacteria, and lower eukaryotes. Three pairs of universal primers were designed and applied to amplify the target genes of these different pathogens in one PCR reaction system. The gene chips were then prepared via immobilization of the specific probes onto specially treated glass slides. Finally, the labeled amplicons were hybridized with the gene chips, scanned and analyzed using computer software. Results Amplicons were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The fluorescence signals for specific pathogens could be recognized in the gene chips, and were identical with the positions of the specific probes. Conclusions Gene chip is a specific, sensitive and rapid method for simultaneous detection of multiple sexually transmitted infections.